The Evolution from LLM-Centric Systems to RAG Architectures

The Core Problem: Why LLM-Only Approaches Break at Scale Early AI platforms (including ESG research systems) were built using general-purpose LLM APIs such as GPT and Perplexity. These systems: Generated research queries Retrieved information via AI-powered search Produced summarised responses Extracted structured insights Generated final reports This worked well for exploratory research and narrative outputs.…

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