The Evolution from LLM-Centric Systems to RAG Architectures

The Core Problem: Why LLM-Only Approaches Break at Scale Early AI platforms (including ESG research systems) were built using general-purpose LLM APIs such as GPT and Perplexity. These systems: Generated research queries Retrieved information via AI-powered search Produced summarised responses Extracted structured insights Generated final reports This worked well for exploratory research and narrative outputs.…

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Harnessing AI and LLMs in Financial Services: A Trustworthy, Secure, and Provider-Agnostic Approach

The financial services industry stands at a pivotal moment. With the rise of generative AI and large language models (LLMs), institutions have the opportunity to transform operations, enhance customer experiences, and unlock new efficiencies. Yet, this potential must be balanced with strict regulatory compliance, data security, and ethical responsibility. The key lies in adopting a…

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